Educ., Iwate Univ., Vol.52 No.1 (Oct.1992) 187`194 A Cross-Cultural Study of the Denver Prescreening QuestionnaireAZUMA* June 15,1992) DevelopmentalNoriaki (Received Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the variation of the scores of the DPDQ by different cultural factors, especially the urban and weather factors. Another purpose of this study is to compare the scores of the DPDQ in a rural village and an urban city with those in Tokyo and the Yaeyama Islands.

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In summer, the scores of the DPDQ in a rural village were significantly lower than those in an urban city. But in winter, the scores of the DPDQ in a rural village did not differ significantly from those in an urban city. The reason was the difference of the mothers' life between a rural village and an urban city. In summer and winter, the scores of the DPDQ in a rural village, an urban city, Tokyo and the Yaeyama islands differed significantly.

The reasons were that the persons who answered the DPDQ and the places where it was administered varied widely. When we evaluate child development by using the DPDQ, we need to consider these factors. Key words: CULTURE, DENVER, URBAN, WEATHER DEVELOPMENT, RURAL, SCREENING, Introduction There are various cross-cultural studies of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). (Sandier et al. 1970, Barnes and Stark 1975, Solomons and Solomons 1975, Ueda 1978, Jaffe et al. 1980, Olade 1984, Shapira and Harel 1983, Olade 1984, Williams 1984, Burke et al. 1985) The results of these studies about the validity and reliability of the DDST are mixed.

One questionnaire which was transformed from the DDST is called the Denver* Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka 020. 188 Noriaki AZUMA Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (DPDQ). When I researched the DIALOG data-base using the key-word 'Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire' for the files ERIC '66-'89 Aug, BIOSIS PREVIEWS '69-'89 Sep, EMBASE '74-'89, PASCAL '86-'89 Jul, MEDLINE '66-'89 NOV,PSYCINFO '67-'89 Aug, MENTAL HEALTH ABSTRACTS '69-'89 Jun, FAMILY RESOURCES '70-'89 Sep, Health Planning and Administration '75'89 Oct, I could find five journal articles about the DPDQ. (Frankenburg et al. 1976, Fleming 1981, Rosembaum et al. 1983, Scheiner et al. 1985, Frankenburg et al.

1987) Among these five journal articles there was only one cross-cultural study about the DPDQ. (Rosembaurn et al. 1983) In this study the DPDQ was applied in a low-income population in Alabama, U.S.A. Rus tilini oson urganish. Not only inside of Japan but also outside of Japan there was no cross-cultural study about the DPDQ comparing a rural village with an urban city. When Ueda standardized the DDST in Japan, she revised it by considering different cultural factors, urban and weather factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the variation of the DPDQ scores by different cultural factors, especially urban and weather factors.

In Japan Ueda translated the DPDQ into the Japanese language and standardized it in Tokyo, the capital of Japan. (Ueda 1983) Besides standardization, she conducted a crosscultural study about the DPDQ in the isolated Yaeyama Islands, in southern Japan. Another purpose of this study is to compare the scores of the DPDQ in a rural village and an urban city with those already conducted in Tokyo and the Yaeyama Islands. Sample Samples were 340 children, all under six years old, from Sawauchi Village, which is an isolated village in Iwate Prefecture in Japan. The population of Sawauchi Village is about 4,700.

Sawauchi Village is surrounded by mountains. In winter the snow is three meters deep. The chief industry in this village is farming. Samples from an urban city were 285 children, under six years old, from a residential district of Morioka City, the capital of Iwate prefecture. Foundations astrophysics solutions manual download. The population of Morioka City is about 200,000, and it is the biggest city in Iwate Prefecture. The locations of Sawauchi Village, Morioka City, Tokyo and the Yaeyama Islands are shown in Figure 1.